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The Murray Bookchin Reader List of Sources

I. An Ecological Society
Decentralization: Selected from Our Synthetic Environment, under the pseudonym Lewis Herber (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1962), pp. 237-45. The British edition of this book was published by Jonathan Cape (London, 1963); a revised paperback edition was published by Harper Colophon Books, under the name Murray Bookchin (New York, 1974).
Anarchism and Ecology: From "Ecology and Revolutionary Thought," under the pseudonym Lewis Herber, Comment [N.Y.] (1964). This essay was republished in Anarchy [U.K.] 69, vol. 6 (1966); and in Murray Bookchin, Post-Scarcity Anarchism (San Francisco: Ramparts Books, 1971; London: Wildwood House, 1974; and Montreal: Black Rose Books, 1986). This selection comes from Post-Scarcity Anarchism, pp. 76-82.
The New Technology and the Human Scale: From "Towards a Liberatory Technology," in Comment [N.Y.] (1965). Republished in Anarchy [U.K.] 78, vol. 7 (1967) and in Post-Scarcity Anarchism (1971, 1974, 1986), from which this selection comes, pp. 106-12. I have removed most of the (often dated) technical material from this and the following selection.
Ecological Technology: From ibid., pp. 113-30.
Social Ecology: From Murray Bookchin, The Ecology of Freedom (Palo Alto, Calif.: Cheshire Books, 1982), pp. 20-25. Second edition published by Black Rose Books (Montreal, 1991).
II. Nature, First and Second
Images of First Nature: From "What Is Social Ecology?" in Murray Bookchin, The Modern Crisis (Philadelphia: New Society Publishers, 1986; and Montreal: Black Rose Books, 1987), pp. 52, 55-62. This essay was originally a seminar lecture presented at the University of Frankfurt (Germany) in 1984.
Participatory Evolution: From "Freedom and Necessity in Nature," in Murray Bookchin, The Philosophy of Social Ecology, revised edition (Montreal: Black Rose Books, 1995), pp. 77-81. This essay was originally published in Alternatives, vol. 13, no. 4 (Nov. 1986); it was heavily revised for the 1995 edition of The Philosophy of Social Ecology.
Society as Second Nature: From Murray Bookchin, Remaking Society: Pathways to a Green Future (Montreal: Black Rose Books, 1989; Boston: South End Press, 1990), pp. 25-30, 35-39.
On Biocentrism: From Murray Bookchin, Re-enchanting Humanity (London: Cassell, 1995), pp. 100-104
III. Organic Society
Usufruct, Complementarity, and the Irreducible Minimum: From The Ecology of Freedom (1982), pp. 48-49, 50-52, and 143-45.
Romanticizing Organic Society: From "Twenty Years Later . . . ," the introduction to the revised edition of The Ecology of Freedom (1991), pp. xvii-xix, xxxviii, xxxix-xliv, xlv-xlvii, xlviii, il- li.
IV. The Legacy of Domination
The Emergence of Hierarchy: From The Ecology of Freedom (1982), pp. 74-87.
The Rise of the State: From Murray Bookchin, The Rise of Urbanization and the Decline of Citizenship (San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 1987), pp. 138-46. Republished in Canada as Urbanization Without Cities by Black Rose Books (Montreal, 1992); and republished with revisions as From Urbanization to Cities by Cassell (London, 1995). This selection is taken from pp. 129-36 of the latter edition.
The Rise of Capitalism: From Urbanization (1987 and 1992), pp. 201-207; in the 1995 Cassell edition, pp. 181-86.
The Market Society: From The Ecology of Freedom (1982), pp. 135-39.
V. Scarcity and Post-Scarcity
Conditions of Freedom: From "Post-Scarcity Anarchism" (1967), in Post-Scarcity Anarchism (1971), pp. 33-35, 37-40.
The Problem of Want and Work: From "Toward a Liberatory Technology" (1965), in Post-Scarcity Anarchism (1971), pp. 89-94.
Cybernation and Automation: From "Toward a Liberatory Technology" (1965), in Post-Scarcity Anarchism (1971), pp. 95- 105.
Technology for Life: From "Toward a Liberatory Technology" (1965), in Post-Scarcity Anarchism (1971), pp. 130-39.
The Fetishization of Needs: From The Ecology of Freedom (1982), pp. 67-72.
VI. Marxism
Marxism and Domination: This selection combines excerpts from The Ecology of Freedom (1982), pp. 64-65, and from "Marxism as Bourgeois Sociology" Comment [n.s.], vol. 1, no. 2 (Feb. 1979). Republished in Toward an Ecological Society (Montreal: Black Rose Books, 1980), pp. 203-206.
Marxism and Leninism: From "Listen, Marxist!" (1969), in Post- Scarcity Anarchism (1971), pp. 181-85, 198-208.
VII. Anarchism
The Two Traditions--Anarchism: From "Listen, Marxist!" (1969), in Post-Scarcity Anarchism (1971), pp. 208-220.
Anarchy and Libertarian Utopias: From Remaking Society (1989, 1990), pp. 117-22, 124-26.
Cultures of Revolt: From From Urbanization to Cities (1986), pp. 211-15; in the 1995 Cassell edition, pp. 189-92.
Spanish Anarchism--The Collectives: This selection combines excerpts from "Overview of the Spanish Libertarian Movement" (1974) and "After Fifty Years" (1985), both in Murray Bookchin, To Remember Spain (Edinburgh and San Francisco: A.K. Press, 1995), pp. 9-14, 26-27, 43-44. "Overview" was originally published as "Reflections on Spanish Anarchism" in Our Generation, vol. 10, no. 1 (Spring 1974); it was republished (in part) as the introductory essay to Sam Dolgoff, The Anarchist Collectives: Workers Self-Management in the Spanish Revolution 1936-39 (New York: Free Life Editions, and Montreal: Black Rose Books, both 1974). "After Fifty Years" was originally published as "The Spanish Civil War, 1936," in New Politics 1 (Spring 1986).
Critique of Lifestyle Anarchism: From "Social Anarchism versus Lifestyle Anarchism," in Murray Bookchin Social Anarchism versus Lifestyle Anarchism (Edinburgh and San Francisco: A.K. Press, 1995), pp. 8-9, 49-54, 56-61.
VIII. Libertarian Municipalism
The New Municipal Agenda: This selection comes primarily from chapter 8 of Urbanization (1987, 1992, 1995), passim; with some interpolations from "Radical Politics in an Era of Advanced Capitalism," Green Perspectives, no. 18 (Nov. 1989); "The Meaning of Confederalism," Green Perspectives, no. 20 (Nov. 1990); and "Libertarian Municipalism: An Overview," Green Perspectives, no. 24 (Oct. 1991). On some occasions, such as while writing Urbanization, Bookchin referred to his political ideas as "confederal municipalism" rather than as "libertarian municipalism." In this selection, at his request, I have changed "confederal municipalism" to his preferred "libertarian municipalism."
IX. Dialectical Naturalism
Objectively Grounded Ethics: From "Rethinking Ethics, Nature, and Society" (written in 1985), in The Modern Crisis (1986), pp. 7-13.
A Philosophical Naturalism: From the introduction to The Philosophy of Social Ecology, revised edition (1995), pp. 3-11, 13-15, 16-24, 26-27, 28-33.
Ecologizing the Dialectic: From "Thinking Ecologically: A Dialectical Approach," in The Philosophy of Social Ecology, revised edition (1995), pp. 119, 120, 124, 125-26, 127-31, 133-36, 140-41. This article was originally published in Our Generation, vol. 18, no. 2 (Spring-Summer 1987).
X. Reason and History
History, Civilization, and Progress: From "History, Civilization, and Progress: Outline for a Criticism of Modern Relativism," in The Philosophy of Social Ecology, revised edition (1995), pp. 147-48, 157-79. Originally published in Green Perspectives, no. 29 (Mar. 1994).


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